Building construction



Feb. 28, 1961 J. A. CARLSON .BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2 Sheets-Sheet 1Filed mig. 1a, 1955 FIG. 2

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nvr/Emol@ .loma um Lson ATTORNEY Feb. 28, 1961 J.v A. CARLSON BUILDINGCONSTRUCTION 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FiledA Aug. 18. 1955 IN VEN TOR. JOHN A.CRLSON ATTORNEY arent F 2,972,838 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION .lohn A.Carlson, 164 Lovell Ave., Mill Valley, Calif. Filed Aug. 18, 1955, Ser.No. 529,278 z claims. (c1. so-309) This invention concerns buildingconstruction of concrete and reinforcing steel, and more specificallyprovides a new approach in a combination of precast members andreinforced poured concrete.

In the development of this invention, applicant has given specialthought and consideration to achieve a superior and unique constructionfor the purpose of building houses and other types of commercialbuildings durable against the most destructive elements such as tornado,hurricane, earthquake and windstorm, as well as to provide shatterproofconstruction to minimize danger to life and damage to property in theevent of enemy attack. Moreover, it is reproof, vermin proof andpermanent in nature, providing a building of maximum strength with onlya minimum of material. With all these advantages, applicants inventionyet presents a structure competitive in material and erection costs withthat of standard types of frame building construction of equivalentsize. Furthermore, being fully insulated it produces a construction thatis cool for hot climates and Warm in cold climates and absolutely proofagainst outside moisture.

The principal object of this invention is to provide a construction forwalls made up with a combination of precast concrete members andreinforced poured concrete, with a unique method of applying theexterior wall finishing material into a sound bonded wall construction,lock bonding all precast members, poured concrete girders, pilasters andfootings into a unitary monolithic concrete construction. The precastmembers are inter :locked with specially designed metal rods andfixtures and then securely bonded together in poured concrete.

Girders are obtained by pouring concrete into partially pre-arrangedmolds, eliminating in greater part the making of complete forms in theusual manner, thus saving in both material and labor'costs. The sameprocedure is followed in the making and pouring of pilasters, formed inpart by precast members themselves. Such pilasters may be formed atintervals from corner to corner or to points adjacent the joinder of apartition wall and an outside wall.

Another important feature of this construction is the precast concretestudding for both exterior and partition walls, which is speciallymolded in shape for several important purposes The top end is molded inthe shape of a U thereby permitting a continuous'top concrete wallgirder to pass through the upper end of each studding, lock bonding eachtherein. The lateral edges are/molded with a depression, preferably aconcave half round which together with reinforcing wire extendingthrough and beyond both edges provides a practical, quick and securemethod for the later anchoring of Wall finish supporting wire mesh,expanded metal lath or similar materials to the studding in a more rigiddrum tight manner with less labor effort.

Additional objects and advantages on this invention will become moreapparent as the following description proceeds when taken in conjunctionwith the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a precast concrete partitionstudding member.

Fig. l-A is a top view of member illustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig. 2 is an upright edge of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a reduced full length drawing of Fig. 1 showing the number ofprotruding reinforcing wire ends.

Fig. 4 is a cross section taken on line 4-4 of Fig. l.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view illustrating a number of concrete studdingin position after concrete footing and top girder has been poured andthe form members removed, comprising a section of an inside partitionwall ready for the finishing plaster.

Fig. 6 is an end view of a clamping fixture, tying rod and sleeve nut.

Fig. 7 is a side elevation of Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a reduced drawing of a cross section of a partition wall. Fig.9 is a cross section of an interior or partition wall concrete studdingshowing the protruding reinforcing wire readily securing the extrudedmetal lath to the same, on both sides.

Fig. l0 is an elevation of a partition Wall showing the concretestudding in relation to the concrete footing, top' girder, corner andother pilasters.

Fig. lO-A is a cross section View 10-A10-A in Fig. 10.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4there is illustrated a specially molded precast concrete studding 1l)for partitions. rl`he upper ends 12 are beveled sloping downward to theouter edges 13. The purpose of the beveled top edges will be explainedlater. The inside edges 1L?. slope inwardly from the top edges 12. Atthe base of edges 14, 15 completes a U-shaped opening on the inside ofthe upper portion of the concrete studding 10. lust below the U base 1Sare ledges or shoulders 16, the upper portion above the ledges beingreduced in thickness as at 19.

The interior sides of the concrete studding 10' are molded withpanel-like recesses 17, to eliminate unnecessary weight. The lateraledges 13 from the ledge 16 down are molded to a concave half round shape18 as shown in Figs. 2 and 4.

Wire reinforcing 20 protruding from the center of the concave half round18 extends beyond the concrete casting edges 13, shown in Figs. l, l-A,3 and 4. The purpose of the protruding wire ends 26 and the concave halfround groove 18 will be explained later.

The remaining members will be best described in a discussion of theprocedure for erecting a section of a wall incorporating the heretoforedetailed partition con crete studding 1t).

Footing forms 'of suitable design and strength, designed to hold twoparallel angle irons 22 are set in place first in the erection of awall. One of the parallel angle irons 22 is secured preferably bywelding to the footing space-retainers 23 which maintain apart thefooting forms. These are generally rods or pipes 23. rThus by having oneangle bar secured and the other loose or free, these two angle bars 22form a channel that can be drawn tightly against the bases of concretestudding 19 securing them by tie bolts 24. This is best illustrated inthe lower portion of Fig. 5. At any desired or established distanceapart another concrete studding 10 is erected in like manner. Next aspace maintainer 21, principally of wood, is set on ledges 16 betweentwo concrete studding.

At this time a clamp bar 25 is placed in position against the two upperreduced portions o-f the studding 19, on one side just above the ledge16. A tie rod in length taken on line equal to the space maintainer 21plus one half the thickness of the concrete studding 10, threaded atboth ends and anchored to the next previous studding, is placed betweenthe two upper sides 14 of the U-shaped top of the concrete studding, andinserted through a bore in the center o fthe clmap bar 25. A sleeve nut27 is turned onto the end of the tie rod 26, thereby drawing the spacemaintainer 21 thereinbetween tightly together. The other end of thesleeve nut 27 is free to receive the next tie rod 26 to secure the nextconcrete studding 10, against the next space maintainer 2.1. This sameprocedure is continued until an entire unbroken wall or section has beenerected. It should also be noted that a multiple of concrete studdingmay be tied together using one clamp bar 25 one tie rod 26 and onesleeve nut 27 locking a number of studding and space maintainersthereinbetween.

As each two or multiple of concrete studding are thus secured, they arecarefully plumbed true and again securely tightened at their basesbetween the two angle irons 22 by tie bolts 24.

After a series of concrete studding has thus been erect-v ed and plumbedtrue, suicient bracing is placed from the top of the wall to firmly holdthem until concrete has been poured in the footing forms and permittedto set hard.

In Figs. 6 and 7 the enlarged drawings more clearly show the front andside views of the clamp bar 25, the tie bolt 26 and the sleeve nut 27secured against the reduced upper portion 19 of the concrete studding15B. it also shows more clearly one end of a space maintainer 21 restingon the ledge 16.

Fig. 8 is a reduced drawing of a cross section or partition wall withplaster finish 56 on both sides, expanded metal lath 2S being used onboth sides.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged cross section of an interior concrete studd-ing 10taken on line 4-4 in Fig. 1. This view more clearly shows the anchoringeffectiveness of the protruding reinforcing wire ends 2@ after they arebent down together with the expanded metal lath 28 into the concave halfround groove 1S. When the metal lathing material has been so anchored tothe concrete studding and both sides of the studding covered as noted inFig. 9, the wall is assured of being strong and shatterproof.

Fig. 10 is an elevation of an interior partition wall section showingthis construction in its basic principle, which consists of concretepilasters and concrete studding bonded together at the top of the wallwith a continuous concrete girder, the base of each being embedded inthe concrete ootings, reinforced with steel to accepted standardrequirements. 1t also shows the ease with which all piiasters can bemade, when the studding are erected in place as may be specified.Thereafter all that remains is to cover the two sides that are open witha form member which would extend across from one studding edge toanother. This same procedure applies to both interior and exteriorwalls.

Referring now to the purpose for the sloping top edges 12, these arebeveed to act as a dovetail tie within the top concrete girder, securelylockbonding the concrete girder with the studding as shown in Fig. 5. Itwill also be noted here that the entire assembly of clamp 1oars 25, tierods 2.6 and sleeve nuts 27 are all completely embedded within theconcrete girder providing additional strength. The purpose for the Ushape at the upper end of the lconcrete studding 10, to permit acontinuous passage of the concrete girder through each of the concretestudding all along the entire wall is here more clearly apparent.

Certain modiiications and changes will be suggested herefrom to thoseskilled in the art. All such modifications and revisions as fall withinthe true spirit of this invention are intended as coming within itsscope, as best dened in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A construction for buildings made of monolithic concrete. reinforcedwith steel of the type wherein lathing material carrying cementitiousmaterial is secured to a plurality of solid precast concrete studdingspaced apart at selected intervals and supported and secured at theirbases to supporting material and rendered rigid by a continuous girderextending across the tops of the studding and to which the tops of saidstudding are connected, the improvement comprising the upper ends ofsaid studding being molded substantially in U shape providing segmentsof a channel in alignment with the studding, opposite lateral edges ofsaid studding beneath the legs of the U-shaped end being provided with acontinuous longitudinal groove, rods spaced at intervals embedded insaid studding and extending centrally of the said grooves beyond theedges of the studding, said rods adapted to be bent over lathing withinsaid grooves, said lathing material positioned over said rods and drawntaut by said projecting rods when the iatter have been bent over anddepressed with a portion of the lathing material into said grooves, thebent over ends of said rods within said grooves being embedded in saidcementitious material carried by the lathing, said concrete girder beingof poured concrete and extending through said channel segments providedby the upper ends of said studding and interlocked with said U-shapedends of the studding, and in which the sides of the upper ends of saidprecast studding adjacent said longitudinally grooved sides are providedwith molded shoulders transverse to said grooves and adapted to sup-portthe bottom ot top girder forms extending between adjacent studding toenable a continuously formed concrete top girder to pass through andinterlock the legs of the upper U-shaped ends of the studding.

2. A construction for buildings as claimed in claim 1, in which theupper ends of said U-shaped legs of the studding are bevelled downwardyand outwardly, said U-shaped ends being of reduced thickness thusproviding the horizontal shoulders on either side of the U in thevicinity of the U to support the bottom plate of top girder forms, andsaid girder extending above the highest p0rtions of the bevelled upperends of said studding.

References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,072,230 Howard Sept. 2, 1913 1,392,532 Simpson Oct. 4, 1921 1,889,699Ranck Nov. 29, 1932 2,083,781 Graves June 15, 1937 FOREKGN PATENTS756,399 France Sept. 25, 1933 867,104 France June 30, 1941 946,643France Dec. 27, 1948 1,010,489 France Mar. 26, 1952 157,210 AustraliaNov. 29, 1951 824,550 Germany Dec. 13, 1951

